URL: https://practicetestautomation.com/practice-test-login/ Generated Test Cases (via direct URL content analysis): TEST TYPE: dashboard_functional Here are the high-quality, actionable test cases based on the provided website analysis data for https://practicetestautomation.com/practice-test-login/. Each test case is designed to be specific to the website's functionality and user workflows. ### Test Cases --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_01_Login_ValidCredentials **Scenario:** Test user login with valid credentials to ensure successful authentication. **Preconditions:** User must have a registered account with valid credentials. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter a valid username in the "Your Email" input field. 3. Enter the corresponding password in the "Password" input field. 4. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the dashboard page, and a welcome message is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: testuser@example.com, Password: validpassword123 --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_02_Login_InvalidCredentials **Scenario:** Test user login with invalid credentials to ensure appropriate error handling. **Preconditions:** User must have an account with invalid credentials. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter an invalid username in the "Your Email" input field. 3. Enter an invalid password in the "Password" input field. 4. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Invalid username or password" is displayed on the login page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: wronguser@example.com, Password: wrongpassword --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_03_Register_ValidData **Scenario:** Test user registration with valid data to ensure new accounts can be created. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter a valid name in the "Name" input field. 3. Enter a valid email in the "Email" input field. 4. Enter a valid message in the "Message" textarea. 5. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** User receives a confirmation message indicating successful registration. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_04_Search_ValidQuery **Scenario:** Test the search functionality with a valid query to ensure correct results are returned. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter a valid search term in the "Search..." input field. 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** The search results page displays relevant results for the search term entered. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "Automation" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_05_Search_EmptyQuery **Scenario:** Test the search functionality with an empty query to ensure proper validation. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Leave the "Search..." input field empty. 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Please enter a search term" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_06_ContactForm_ValidData **Scenario:** Test the contact form submission with valid data to ensure messages are sent successfully. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter a valid name in the "Name" input field. 3. Enter a valid email in the "Email" input field. 4. Enter a valid message in the "Message" textarea. 5. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** A confirmation message "Your message has been sent successfully" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Inquiry about services. --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_07_ContactForm_EmptyFields **Scenario:** Test the contact form submission with empty fields to ensure proper validation. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Leave all fields (Name, Email, Message) empty. 3. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "All fields are required" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_08_Navigation_HomeLink **Scenario:** Test navigation to the homepage using the "Home" link. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Home" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the homepage. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_09_Navigation_ProductsLink **Scenario:** Test navigation to the products page using the "Products" link. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Products" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the products page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_10_Navigation_ServicesLink **Scenario:** Test navigation to the services page using the "Services" link. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Services" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the services page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_11_Navigation_AboutLink **Scenario:** Test navigation to the about page using the "About" link. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "About" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the about page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_12_Navigation_ContactLink **Scenario:** Test navigation to the contact page using the "Contact" link. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the contact page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_13_Logout_Functionality **Scenario:** Test the logout functionality to ensure users can log out successfully. **Preconditions:** User must be logged in. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Logout" button in the user account menu. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the login page, and a message "You have been logged out" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_14_FormSubmission_ContactForm_Validation **Scenario:** Test the contact form validation for the email field to ensure proper format checking. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter an invalid email format in the "Email" input field (e.g., "invalidemail"). 3. Enter a valid name and message. 4. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Please enter a valid email address" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: invalidemail, Message: Test message. --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_15_FormSubmission_ContactForm_Success **Scenario:** Test the contact form submission with valid data to confirm successful message delivery. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter a valid name in the "Name" input field. 3. Enter a valid email in the "Email" input field. 4. Enter a valid message in the "Message" textarea. 5. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** A confirmation message "Your message has been sent successfully" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Inquiry about services. --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_16_Search_ResultsPage_Navigation **Scenario:** Test navigation from the search results page back to the homepage. **Preconditions:** User has performed a search. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Perform a search using a valid term. 2. Click on the "Home" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the homepage. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "Automation" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_17_Search_ResultsPage_EmptyResults **Scenario:** Test the search functionality with a query that returns no results to ensure proper handling. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter a search term that is unlikely to return results (e.g., "xyz123"). 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** A message "No results found for your query" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "xyz123" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_18_Logout_Confirmation **Scenario:** Test that the user receives a confirmation message upon logging out. **Preconditions:** User must be logged in. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Logout" button in the user account menu. **Expected Result:** A message "You have been logged out" is displayed on the login page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_19_ResponsiveDesign_MobileView **Scenario:** Test the website's responsiveness on a mobile device to ensure proper layout and functionality. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Open the website on a mobile device or use a responsive design tool. 2. Navigate through various pages (Home, Products, Services, About, Contact). **Expected Result:** All pages display correctly without layout issues, and all functionalities work as intended. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_20_InteractiveElement_SearchButton **Scenario:** Test the functionality of the "Search" button to ensure it triggers the search action. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter a valid search term in the "Search..." input field. 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** The search results page displays relevant results for the search term entered. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "Automation" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_21_InteractiveElement_SubmitButton_ContactForm **Scenario:** Test the functionality of the "Submit" button on the contact form to ensure it submits the form correctly. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Submit" button. **Expected Result:** A confirmation message "Your message has been sent successfully" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Inquiry about services. --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_22_InteractiveElement_CancelButton_ContactForm **Scenario:** Test the functionality of the "Cancel" button on the contact form to ensure it clears the form fields. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter data in all fields. 3. Click the "Cancel" button. **Expected Result:** All fields in the contact form are cleared. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Inquiry about services. --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_23_InteractiveElement_LoginButton **Scenario:** Test the functionality of the "Login" button to ensure it triggers the login action. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid credentials in the "Your Email" and "Password" fields. 3. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the dashboard page, and a welcome message is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: testuser@example.com, Password: validpassword123 --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_24_InteractiveElement_RegisterButton **Scenario:** Test the functionality of the "Register" button to ensure it triggers the registration action. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** A confirmation message indicating successful registration is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_25_Authentication_LogoutRedirect **Scenario:** Test that the user is redirected to the login page after logging out. **Preconditions:** User must be logged in. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Logout" button in the user account menu. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the login page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_26_Authentication_RegistrationRedirect **Scenario:** Test that the user is redirected to the login page after successful registration. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the login page after successful registration. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_27_Authentication_LoginRedirect **Scenario:** Test that the user is redirected to the dashboard after successful login. **Preconditions:** User must have a registered account with valid credentials. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid credentials in the "Your Email" and "Password" fields. 3. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the dashboard page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: testuser@example.com, Password: validpassword123 --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_28_InteractiveElement_SearchField_Validation **Scenario:** Test that the search field validates input correctly. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter special characters in the "Search..." input field (e.g., "!@#$%"). 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Please enter a valid search term" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "!@#$%" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_29_InteractiveElement_SearchField_CharacterLimit **Scenario:** Test that the search field enforces character limits. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter a long string exceeding the character limit in the "Search..." input field (e.g., "a" repeated 100 times). 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Search term exceeds maximum length" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa" --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_30_InteractiveElement_SearchField_WhitespaceHandling **Scenario:** Test that the search field handles leading and trailing whitespace correctly. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the homepage. 2. Enter a search term with leading and trailing spaces in the "Search..." input field (e.g., " Automation "). 3. Click the "Search" button. **Expected Result:** The search results page displays relevant results for the trimmed search term. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** Search Term: " Automation " --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_31_InteractiveElement_LoginButton_DisabledState **Scenario:** Test the disabled state of the "Login" button when fields are empty. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Ensure both "Your Email" and "Password" fields are empty. **Expected Result:** The "Login" button is disabled and cannot be clicked. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_32_InteractiveElement_SubmitButton_DisabledState **Scenario:** Test the disabled state of the "Submit" button on the contact form when fields are empty. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Ensure all fields (Name, Email, Message) are empty. **Expected Result:** The "Submit" button is disabled and cannot be clicked. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_33_InteractiveElement_CancelButton_DisabledState **Scenario:** Test the disabled state of the "Cancel" button when fields are empty. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the contact page by clicking on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. 2. Ensure all fields (Name, Email, Message) are empty. **Expected Result:** The "Cancel" button is disabled and cannot be clicked. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_34_Authentication_RegistrationFieldValidation **Scenario:** Test that the registration form fields validate input correctly. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter invalid data in the "Email" field (e.g., "invalidemail"). 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Please enter a valid email address" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: invalidemail, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_35_Authentication_RegistrationSuccessRedirect **Scenario:** Test that the user is redirected to the login page after successful registration. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the login page after successful registration. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_36_Authentication_LoginErrorHandling **Scenario:** Test that the login form handles errors correctly when the user is not found. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter a non-existent username in the "Your Email" field. 3. Enter any password in the "Password" field. 4. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "User not found" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: nonexistent@example.com, Password: anyPassword --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_37_Authentication_LoginSuccessRedirect **Scenario:** Test that the user is redirected to the dashboard after successful login. **Preconditions:** User must have a registered account with valid credentials. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid credentials in the "Your Email" and "Password" fields. 3. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the dashboard page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: testuser@example.com, Password: validpassword123 --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_38_Authentication_RegistrationErrorHandling **Scenario:** Test that the registration form handles errors correctly when the email is already in use. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter an email that is already registered in the "Email" field. 3. Enter valid data in the other fields. 4. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** An error message "Email already in use" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: existinguser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_39_Authentication_RegistrationSuccessMessage **Scenario:** Test that the registration form displays a success message after successful registration. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** A success message "Registration successful! Please log in." is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_40_Authentication_LogoutButtonVisibility **Scenario:** Test that the logout button is visible only when the user is logged in. **Preconditions:** User must be logged in. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Log in to the application. 2. Check the visibility of the "Logout" button. **Expected Result:** The "Logout" button is visible. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_41_Authentication_LoginButtonVisibility **Scenario:** Test that the login button is visible only when the user is not logged in. **Preconditions:** User must be logged out. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Log out of the application. 2. Check the visibility of the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** The "Login" button is visible. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_42_Authentication_RegisterButtonVisibility **Scenario:** Test that the register button is visible only when the user is not logged in. **Preconditions:** User must be logged out. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Log out of the application. 2. Check the visibility of the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** The "Register" button is visible. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_43_Authentication_LogoutButtonFunctionality **Scenario:** Test that the logout button functions correctly when clicked. **Preconditions:** User must be logged in. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click the "Logout" button in the user account menu. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the login page, and a message "You have been logged out" is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_44_Authentication_LoginButtonFunctionality **Scenario:** Test that the login button functions correctly when clicked. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the login page by clicking on the "Login" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid credentials in the "Your Email" and "Password" fields. 3. Click the "Login" button. **Expected Result:** User is redirected to the dashboard page. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Username: testuser@example.com, Password: validpassword123 --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_45_Authentication_RegisterButtonFunctionality **Scenario:** Test that the register button functions correctly when clicked. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Navigate to the registration page by clicking on the "Register" link in the main navigation. 2. Enter valid data in all fields. 3. Click the "Register" button. **Expected Result:** A success message "Registration successful! Please log in." is displayed. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** High **Test Data:** Name: Test User, Email: testuser@example.com, Message: Hello! --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_46_Navigation_ProductsPageContent **Scenario:** Test that the products page displays the correct content. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Products" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** The products page displays a list of available products. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_47_Navigation_ServicesPageContent **Scenario:** Test that the services page displays the correct content. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Services" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** The services page displays a list of available services. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_48_Navigation_AboutPageContent **Scenario:** Test that the about page displays the correct content. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "About" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** The about page displays information about the company. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_49_Navigation_ContactPageContent **Scenario:** Test that the contact page displays the correct content. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Contact" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** The contact page displays the contact form and relevant information. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- **Title:** TC_FUNC_50_Navigation_HomePageContent **Scenario:** Test that the homepage displays the correct content. **Preconditions:** None. **Steps to Reproduce:** 1. Click on the "Home" link in the main navigation. **Expected Result:** The homepage displays the welcome message and main features. **Actual Result:** To be filled during execution. **Priority:** Medium **Test Data:** None --- These test cases are designed to cover a wide range of functionalities and user interactions on the website, ensuring that the application is thoroughly tested for both normal and edge cases. Each test case is specific, actionable, and relevant to the actual website functionality as per the analysis provided.